FAD2 and FAD3 Desaturases Form Heterodimers That Facilitate Metabolic Channeling in Vivo

Immunocytological localization of two plant fatty acid desaturases in the endoplasmic reticulum.

The subcellular location of two integral membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases (Fads), Fad2 and Fad3, was elucidated by immunofluorescence microscopic analyses of tobacco suspension cells transiently transformed with different epitope-tagged versions of the enzymes. Both myc- or hemagglutinin-tagged Fad2 and Fad3 localized to the same region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as evidenced by th...

Higher Plant Cytochrome b5 Polypeptides Modulate Fatty Acid Desaturation

BACKGROUND Synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the endoplasmic reticulum of plants typically involves the fatty acid desaturases FAD2 and FAD3, which use cytochrome b(5) (Cb5) as an electron donor. Higher plants are reported to have multiple isoforms of Cb5, in contrast to a single Cb5 in mammals and yeast. Despite the wealth of information available on the roles of FAD2 and FAD...

Low temperature and light regulate delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (FAD2) at a transcriptional level in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Lipid modifying enzymes play a key role in the development of cold stress tolerance in cold-resistant plants such as cereals. However, little is known about the role of the endogenous enzymes in cold-sensitive species such as cotton. Delta 12 fatty acid desaturases (FAD2), known to participate in adaptation to low temperatures through acyl chain modifications were used in gene expression studie...

Dark Chocolate and Metabolic Syndrome; Do Polyphenols All that Matter?

Human skeletal muscle-specific alpha-actinin-2 and -3 isoforms form homodimers and heterodimers in vitro and in vivo.

Alpha-actinins belong to a family of actin-binding and crosslinking proteins and are expressed in many different cell types. Multiple isoforms of alpha-actinin are found in humans and are encoded by at least four distinct genes. Human skeletal muscle contains two sarcomeric isoforms, alpha-actinin-2 and -3. Previous studies have shown that the alpha-actinins function as anti-parallel homodimers...